Color

Paysage du Midi, or Landscape of the Midi 1906 by André Derain is a great example of the use of color in art. I chose this piece because it is a perfect example of modern art using color. This piece is particularly interesting because it was painted by the Fauve artist André Derain. Derain was one of the leaders of this short movement, and is a great example for an artist who uses color quite interestingly. This piece is interesting because of his use in color. The tree trunks are not a traditional brown, they are done in red and shade of blue. The sky is done in many shades of blue and the foreground and background are done in an arrangement of many different colors. This piece is interesting to me because the color is very non-traditional when it comes to landscapes, yet the painting still looks like a landscape. It is a recognizable landscape because there are impressions of tress as well as a hill in the background and a path in the foreground. The painting has many different brush strokes which makes the painting very expressive as well. The brush strokes give the painting a sense of movement as well because they are so free-formed and varied.

Color dominated much of Derain’s early work because of his connection in the Fauve movement. Color was used very liberally and abstractly in his paintings. The color in his art shows a high altitude of emotions. Instead of actually painting movement in his paintings, the interaction of colors shows a great sense of movement because of how they interact with the eye. In Paysage du Midi, complementary colors are used to give a great sense of contrast. Because of the shades of color used, the colors give a great sense of time and space. The bright colors suggest that it is a bright, sunny day because of the lack of shadows within the solid blocks of color. Also by using colors out of context, Derain is providing an interesting composition and interesting shapes. Derain includes warm tones (yellow, red and orange), as well as cool tones (green and blue) to create a conflicting color palate to great an interesting composition. Other elements in art also play a big role in the painting. Color being the most dominant element is not the only one present in the painting. Lines in the painting give the painting a sense of depth and movement. The lines are free form making the shapes of the landscape organic. By varying the brushstrokes and the size of the brushstrokes, Derain is creating a great sense of knowledge of movement and depth. The lines in the painting give a great sense of implied line because not all the values of the trees, the hill or the path are all there. It is up to the viewer to make the connections and fill in the missing lines. Texture is also very apparent in the painting because the viewer can see the brushstrokes and the thickness of paint on the canvas. This technique is very non-traditional because the brushstrokes are showing. This texture is actual texture and applied texture because in reality, the earth is textured, but the brushstrokes and thickness are representing the texture in reality. There is also a great sense of space and depth in the painting because the elements of the painting are overlapped. The viewer can tell that the large tree in the foreground is what is closest and the hill in the background is what is farther away.

Image: Sfmoma.org, Paysage du Midi, 1906, André Derain

Chuck Close and Values

Since the discovery of photography, black and white are seen to have more than 2 distinct values. There are hundreds of values of gray on the scale of black and white. Depending on how much black is added to the white or vice-verse, there is a different value. In one of my classes in the past, one of our projects was to make a color scale of black and white, using 10 different values. After we made this color scale b using just pencils, we had to find a black and white photo from a magazine, and make a grid over it. By using this value scale, I had to decide based on where the grid fell, which value to transfer onto the graph paper. In the end is a final image, that closely mimics the original (left).

This method is adapted from the artist Chuck Close. Chuck close takes a photograph, and by using a value scale he transfer a single value from the grid, to the blank grid. By using only one value per box, the juxtaposition of the values side by side creates a single final image. (left) The further you step away from the photo, the more unified the values become creating the image as a whole.

This method is a take on the idea of photo realism. Photo realism is painting from the use of a photograph. The initial image serves as the starting point. By transferring the values or colors by using the grid, the artist creates an organic from by using a geometric template. This technique provides the combination of different mediums to create one final product. This technique was very popular in the 1960's and 70's, but it is also a technique that is used to day, and from personal experience it is a great way to learn how to create values, and learn how they react with each other by using a value scale.






Photo: Chuck Close, butlerart.com, Georgia, 1984
Photo: Girl, 2008, Beth August

Hockney Inspired

David Hockney is an artist that takes photographs and turns a still image into a moving and flowing piece of art. He interprets time and motion into a 2-D piece of art just using photos.

The piece I created entitled "LG" is my David Hockney inspired piece. The use of layering of the photos is also called a "Joiner". The layering of the photos allowed me to play will different photos including ones that are a close up, and ones that are long shots. By just using a disposable camera, I was forced to look closely, and to think about the parts and how they will relate to the whole or finished product.

In this particular piece, I tried to focus on the repetition of color. My subject was blowing bubbles in front of a car. The car being blue, made it interesting that she was wearing an orange shirt. Blue and orange are complementary colors, which made this piece visually pleasing. Of course the blue sky contributes as well as the green of the grass. This piece creates a color palate based on the natural elements around me, as well as the artificial ones like the orange shirt.

David Hockney has inspired many artists, but I find he has not only inspired artists and designers like myself, he has inspired people of all professions. The other day on TV I saw this commercial, which immediately reminded me of my piece "LG", but also David Hockney. This commercial is about a Canon digital camera. By introducing this camera through these layered still photographs on a medium that is driven by motion, this commercial introduces the viewer and society to the work of David Hockney and how it can inspire all kinds of people.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BQfCoqbubE

Image: Beth August, "LG", 2008
Video: Canon Rebel XSi Commercial, youtube.com

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Restore

Today, I listened to a lecture by Nathan Shedroff. The lecture was entitled, "Sustainable Innovation". In his lecture, Nathan shared his thoughts about sustainability in design. According to him, there is no sustainability in design. He thought that more sustainable design is needed but it is definitely not integrated in design at the moment. This is something that definitely should be improved in our society today. Design is something that surrounds us everyday; the chairs we sit in, the bikes we ride, and even my laptop I am typing on right now. If design is not sustainable, our society is in big trouble.

I find everyday I am thinking about what can be improved in my life, especially with design, since I am a designer myself. In one of my lecture halls, the chairs squeak, constantly. Every time a person shifts their weight, their chair makes a loud noise. It bothers me to think about who designed these chairs? Did they test them out before they installed one hundred of them? What bothers me is that these chairs are so bad that they will eventually have to be replaced. How come the person designing them did not design them to last a long time? I think this is something all designers should think about when designing something, because essentially, something should be made to last, not to be thrown out- (which also relates back to Nathan’s example of the Nokia phone as well.

This lecture really helped me understand the future of design and how I can impact that. Sustainability is something that not only impacts designers but something that should impact everyone too.

Design Sustainability

During class today we watched a documentary film by Gary Hustwit entitled, Objectified (2009). This film discusses industrial design and how it is mass produced. Hustwit interviews many different designers who work for design firms, how they interpret the idea of mass produced design and how they approach design as a working designer. Some of the companies that were mention were Smart Design, IDEO, and even Apple, Ikea and Target.

The idea of design was approached very differently by each person interviewed. Some mentioned that a design is produced, and they try to make their design better by using it and eventually they improve it. Other designers mentioned how they can make a design get better the more you use it which plays into the idea of sustainability in design.

I found from this film, that the idea of sustainability was the most important message. Many products are produces and are quickly improved, so they older version of the product is quickly dismissed. This constant improvement, even though it can be a positive thing for some products, is some thing that needs to be constricted. Products should use more sustainable material so they can either be biodegradable or even be reused. In the film, the design firm IDEO, was discussing the design of a toothbrush and how they are used throughout a person's lifetime. Because a person uses hundreds or even thousands of toothbrushes in their life, IDEO was trying to re-design them to be more sustainable. Briefly seeing what this design firms ideas were, I started thinking about how a toothbrush could be improved.

I thought about electric toothbrushes, and how they can be reused. But then I thought about how the use of batteries is not very sustainable. Batteries have to be thrown out after use, or the toothbrush might have to be plugged in to charge, which in turn wastes energy. Then I thought about how maybe the power source could be solar powered. That is a sustainable option for the power source, but what about the actual bristles on the brush? Can they made to dissolve over time? or can the be made to be biodegradable? Or what about washable plastic? Just thinking about how a toothbrush can be improved to be more sustainable is just the beginning of the design process.

This type of design process in the film was a great way to think about how I will work as a designer. Thinking about how design can improve an object, but not only improve a person's life, and improve their impact on the earth as well. I think sustainable design is a great way to think as a designer, and IDEO and the other companies mentioned in the film are moving in that positive direction.

Image: crest canada, 2009

Colored Paper

At my community college, I took a Life drawing class. This class had to be the best art class I have ever taken. We first worked on white paper using black charcoal (no color). We worked in the black and white medium so we could understand values and the difference between the difference between light and dark or Chiaroscuro (a common word used by my instructor).

After a couple of months we were allowed to use color paper, and color pastels. While others in my class worked on multi chromatic pieces, I used a monochromatic color palette. When looking at a model, one has to pay attention to the scale of different colors. The lightest color and the darkest color. Most importantly, one looks for the middle color, which should be the paper. When choosing a color of paper, I looked at my choices and back at the model, comparing which color was close to their skin color or even the color reflected from the natural sky lights. By leaving some of the paper show in the drawing, I am saving myself a lot of time with the application of the pastels. I am just focusing on the light and dark of the figure. The end result of one of my drawings is to my left.

I use the same technique with all of my drawings. By focusing on the values of the skin (in this case), I am achieving the realistic look of this 3D drawing on this 2D medium. Even though this is a monochromatic piece, it relates to designing because a designer must see the similarities in colors and values to have a successful design in the end.

Image: Leg, Beth August, 2009

Graffiti?

Graffiti is considered a crime, but can it be considered art? When I think of graffiti, one artist always comes into my mind: Keith Haring. Haring used the line to create emotion and feeling into his work. When he first started to create, he created on the black walls of the subway in New York City. By simply using chalk on this black surface, Haring created pieces that conveyed emotion and feeling.
Just by simply using the 'line' Haring could achieve such emotion.

The line is the basis for all of Haring's work. He sometimes used bold and bright primary colors, but I find his black and white work to be very powerful. In the picture to the left entitled Heart, (1985), Haring used lines to create a sense of motion. The lines around the heart suggest that the heart is beating. The lines behind the two figures suggest that they are running towards each other. Even though, realistically, when we run, we can not see the air moving behind us, Haring implies that there is a sense of motion within this two dimensional and simplistic piece.

This piece is easy to relate and understand because Haring makes it so simplistic. The genders of the two bodies are not specific, which is implied by the simple outlining of two bodies using lines.

By using just lines in his pieces, Haring creates a sense of simplicity with in human emotions. It is obvious that this piece is conveying a message about love, and by just using lines, Haring successfully demonstrates that.

Image: Heart, 1985, Keith Haring

Design in Quilting

Design is something that embodies our lives everyday. When making a design, a designer or artist usually uses inspiration from their own lives and incorporates it into their design. In this piece by Avis Robinson Collins entitled Piano Keys, 2009, Robinson suggests to the viewer that this quilt is about a piano. Without any description of the piece, it is obvious that the subject is in a fact a piano, by its title, and by the shapes used in the piece.

The vertical lines in the piece are similar to the shape of piano keys on a piano. The vertical lines may also suggest the horizontal lines on sheet music. There are a variety of lines on the quilt; each different lengths, and colors. Without seeing the title of this quilt, I thought it was an abstract composition of a wheat field. But when I read the title, the colors and the shapes used made perfect sense.

This piece has a great sense of rhythm to it as well. The alternation of long vertical strips and short vertical strips create an interesting composition. There is a rhythm of the colors in the piece as well. There is a great comparison of light and dark colors, which creates a great sense of emotion as well. There is a sense of staccato within the piece, which is nicely juxtaposed with the idea that this piece relates back to music. There are changes in the pattern, but they make sense because of the alternation of sizes in the pattern. There is growth in the pattern, which is a sense of progressive rhythm. Even though the pattern is not organized in size order, the varied sizes and colors created an emotional and almost musical pattern.

By creating a juxtaposition of music, and art, Robinson creates an interesting and modern take on quilting. The piece de-contextualizes the piano and creates an emotional connection rather than a literal one.


Image: Piano Keys, Avis Robinson Collins, 2009, Nelson Gallery, U.C. Davis

Quilting with Texture

Currently in the Nelson Art Gallery at U.C. Davis, is the African American Quilt show. This show features the quilts from the collections of Avis C. Robinson and Sandra McPherson.

Quilting is thought to go back to the time of the crusades, and is a very traditional art form within America as well. Quilts were a way to recycle fabrics, and ways to stay warm with many layers of fabric in one piece of cloth. This particular quilt to the left is a great example of layering of fabric.

This particular quilt is Untitled, and the artist is unknown. This quilt greatly represents the layering technique, as well as including different textures. This quilt is based on a grid pattern, with each grid containing a radial pattern. Each of the radial designs features different textures of fabrics, as well as different colors. As a whole, the quilt has a great rhythm to it. There is an alternation of the dark, star-like forms with the light colors surrounding them. Because of the variety of the shapes of the dark forms, there is a sense of balance between the light and dark shapes. In some of the squares the black forms dominate, in the others, the light forms dominate, which create a great sense of rhythm. The variety of the shapes used within the piece are interesting as well. Each square of the grid contains a different pattern, which creates a great sense of variety. But, even though each square of the grid is different, the piece is unified with the dark star-like forms.

This quilt is a great example of how people use their inspiration, which could be their old clothing, and turn into something that represents their living conditions, as well as something for purpose, like keeping warm.

Image: Untitled, artist unknown, UC Davis Nelson Gallery

Scale and Proportion

When thinking about scale and proportion, my mind directly goes towards Les Valeurs Personnelles by Rene Magritte. This painting is part of the SF MOMA permanent collection, which I have just frequently visited.

In Les Valeurs Personelles, Magritte changes the scale on the items to create visual interest. In the room Magritte paints a glass, a shaving brush, and soap bar, a comb and a match, much bigger than the other items in the room. He paints a mirror in the room to create a sense of space within a space. Also the use of sky as wallpaper brings the outdoors indoors. Magritte also over emphasizes the scale of the certain pieces by making them significantly larger than they are in reality creating a sense emphasis within the painting. Also Magritte uses the items to create an interesting composition by spacing them and placing them at different part in the room. He creates a sense of positive and negative space in the painting, which makes it interesting.

What is most interesting about the piece are the items selected for the painting. The items hold no particular significance, but the viewer is left to question the items selected. They are everyday object selected and over emphasized which creates a contrasting force with the other objects in the room. The over emphasized scale of the items in the painting create an interesting focal point for the painting as well. People are left to question if the room is miniature, while the objects are normal sized or if the room is normal sized and the items are not to scale. The scale presents a presence of fantasy or a dream sequence. The situation in the painting is not realistic which creates a sense of mystery in the painting. The painting is a great example of the surrealist movement because of the scale change and the de-contextualization of the objects in the room.

Photo: Les Valeurs Personnelles, 1952, Rene Magritte, art.com

Unity with Variety

In my art classes in the past, my teachers have always stressed the expression: "Unity with Variety"! At first I would question this, not having a clue what they meant. As the years went on I understood this expression that they always mentioned. Unity in art means that the sum of the parts ultimately becomes the whole.

A great example of 'unity with variety' is Van Gogh's Starry Night. This piece is constructed of lines. If you look closely, lines are the only mark that is used. It is because of the variety of the lines that make the shapes seen in the piece. The variety of long lines, curved lines, thick lines and thin lines that create the movement we see in the painting. The use of color throughout the painting gives variety to the lines as well.

By using the same mark throughout the whole painting, there is a great sense of unity throughout the piece. The line is repeated, but it is repeated differently creating a great sense of variety with the piece.

Because of the different layers of the marks, there is a great sense of depth in the piece and the thickness of the paint creates the dark mood of the piece as well.
When thinking of unity, the marks do not always have to be the same for a piece to be unified. The variety of the marks makes the piece interesting and unique to itself.

Image: Vinvent Van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889, http://www.vangoghgallery.com

Tom Friedman

While in class, we watched a movie about Tom Friedman, and he is definitely an artist who seeks inspiration outside of himself. When looking into his portfolio, I came across many pieces that were based on simple mediums and subjects. Friedman's pieces are very universal, meaning they are aesthetically pleasing because of the simple use of mediums and how he makes them complex.

One piece, Hot Balls, 2006, uses small bouncy balls to create a pyramid shape, which is then capped off with a larger bouncy ball. There is a great juxtaposition between the scales of the bouncy balls. Typically our eye perceives the larger object on the bottom, but in this case, the largest is on the top and the smallest is on the bottom.

Another great thing about this piece is the sense of unity it has. Even though the bouncy balls are different sizes, they are the same shape. The repetition of the bouncy balls creates a great sense of unity, even when the colors are different from each other. The red color of the largest bouncy ball acts as a great focal point not only from its color but how the smaller bouncy balls elevate it.

This piece demonstrates the fundamentals of art, but it is taken to a different level. By using everyday objects, Friedman is creating a work of art that is universal to everyone because the viewer can recognize the object he is working with.


Image: Tom Friedman, Hot Balls, 2006, culturevulture.net

Andy Goldsworthy

Andy Goldsworthy happens to be one of my favorite artists. In all of his pieces he seems to find inspiration outside of himself. Goldsworthy finds his inspiration through nature. I find this fascinating because many artists are classically trained and work only in paint, photography, etc. Goldsworthy works with nature, but minipulates it in such a way that it is seen as art. Goldsworthy works with the elements of art; color, line, shape, space, value, form and texture to create a design with found objects in nature.

All of his pieces are carefully planned out, they are not random. Goldsworthy often leaves his art where he creates it to see what time, weather and nature will do to it. He will go back and photograph the difference in his pieces to then create a comparison between the beginning and the end, or perhaps to create a dynamic between the piece.

Instead of working with a specific thing in mind, Goldsworthy works with what he can find. Rather having a predetermined projected outcome, he works with the 'flow' of things, not having a preconceived idea.

Goldsworthy plays with the art form of earthworks, and brings it to such a sophisticated level. He uses line and color to create a connection with the viewer to make the organic medium look inorganic, or ultimately fake.

Goldsworthy is a great example of an artist who thinks outside of the box, and creates beautiful pieces of art with inspiration from nature.

(Image from artnet.com, Red leaves on cracked earth, Andy Goldsworthy, 2006)

Class Activity

In class on Monday, we were asked to create a piece of art using objects that were given to us, as well as objects we brought.

I found this exercise to be very interesting. Not knowing before hand what to expect, it was fun seeing what other people brought to contribute to the piece. Our creative process, was move away from the rest of the class and do something 'unique' and different from what everyone else was doing. Then we started to brainstorm about what we could do with our objects. We thought about what we wanted to do, we then started to create and put stuff together and then we decided what to leave on and what to take out.

This exercise really played into the idea that design is a conversation. People must discuss what is going to happen with the design, as well as talk about how the design is going to communicate with others. The design in the end has to communicate an idea to its audience. The audience should be able to tell what the design is about, or what message it is trying to portray. If it does not fulfill these two things, perhaps the design is overdone? Or perhaps the design does not have a clear message because of the lack of communication of the designers?

Even though the project was supposed to be abstract, we came up with a great idea that a girl was going to a party (hence the letter) and her process of getting ready, and how crazy the party was. But even though we had a concept, the design was abstract enough to let the viewer have a "conversation" with the piece and decide for themselves.

Robert Smithson

In 1970, Robert Smithson created Spiral Jetty, an earthworks piece that still remains today in the Great Salt Lake in Utah. This piece of art was a groundbreaking piece that introduced the public into earthworks, or land art.

Smithson found creation outside himself by looking to inspiration from nature. Smithson wanted to create a piece that would work with the environment. He wanted to work outside of the typical art world and work with nature, not against it. Smithson created a landscape that is actually found in a landscape. This piece is interesting because it is the juxtaposition of a man made landscape and a natural landscape. Even though this is not seen as 'typical' art, Smithson created a new type of art that was widely accepted by artists, as well as the public.

This piece shows how an artist can make something that can break the rules of art. The piece Sprial Jetty let Smithson work outside of the box, and outside of the museum. This piece is truly an original piece of artwork, that was created by an artist that found creation outside of himself. This piece has truly stood the test of time, and still stands today, even with the rising and falling of tides in the Great Salt Lake.

Image from Wikipedia.org

Exhibition Critique

The Exhibition Typographic Exploration in Hangul at U.C. Davis Design Museum explores the culture of Korea, and their native language, Hangul. In the pieces by Hyunju Lee and Phil Choo, the two artists explore their culture and their language by incorporating their language into their works of art.
The exhibition is set up very thoughtfully, the first work of art when you walk in is entitled, Hanghui, which is about a native dance of Korea. The piece is brightly colored and most definitely catches your eye when you walk into the museum. The piece is also arranged in a circular motion, which mirrors the movement of the exhibit. When walking through the exhibit, you move around the room circularly. The first piece sets the mood for the entire exhibit, and the information about the two artists is complemented by the first piece so that the viewer understands the goals and meanings of the artists and their works.
The overall theme of the exhibition is to educate the viewer of the cultural and societal aspects of Korea. The exhibition incorporates the old traditions with the new traditions in Korea. A lot of the pieces use printing on handmade paper. This symbolizes the past and the present of design in Korea. Also by including the symbols of Hangul, the artists can teach their audience not only about the art of Korea, but the language of Korea. The symbols become part of the art in the exhibit because they are so different from our own language. By using the symbols in the artwork, the designers are introducing the western world to a new perspective. This new perspective is the Korean culture as seen by the eyes of the artists of Korea.
These two artists have successfully juxtaposed their language with their art to symbolize Korean progression in the world as well as representing the Korean Culture. The artists used their language to build a bridge between its literal meaning as well as cultural meaning behind it.

Hyunju versus Twombly

While visiting the Typographic Exploration in Hangul exhibition there was an interesting connection with Hyunju Lee's piece, Supeui Giouk-Memory of a Grove and Cy Twombly's piece, Quattro Stagioni: Autunno.
Both images use mark making as design (which is from the Latin root signare, or mark making, or to mark). Both of these images have very similar layouts, marks and lines, which makes them very interesting when they are put side by side. Both images have similar subject matter- they are both about nature but they are different on how they interpret nature.
Twombly's piece has primary colors, often found in the fall months (Quattro Stagioni: Autunno meaning Four Seasons: Autumn). Twombly has also used organic shapes such as the 'blobs' of color throughout the piece as well as the lines that run vertically down the painting. When creating this piece, Twombly used his hands to create the organic forms on the painting, which interestingly adds a sense of self to the painting, and makes it very personal. Also the juxtaposition of words and image creates contrast between man and nature.
Lee's Piece has pastel colors, most likely representing springtime in Korea in forest (The artist also has written a poem, about this forest that this piece was based on). The organic 'flower' shapes and lines that run down vertically represent the forest in an abstract way. There are also Hangul symbols that are scattered across the piece, which is most likely the poem that goes with the piece. The juxtaposition of the organic shapes as well as the Hangul symbols is mimicked by the fact that the piece was printed on hand made paper. This juxtaposition is interesting because it links the past (tradition Hangul symbols of Korea or Handmade paper) with the present (technology).
These pieces may come from different parts of the world, but they are very in tune with each other. They both use mark making as design to connect their culture and surroundings into an abstract and meaningful design.

Museum Visit

The museum exhibit at the Design Museum in Walker Hall at U.C. Davis is entitled, Typographic Exploration in Hangul. In this exhibit, two artists explore the language of native Korea: Hangul. One of the artists, Hyunju Lee, uses the characters of this language to evoke feelings, nature scenes, even a cultural dance.
In one particular piece, "Haha Hoho", Lee incorporates color with the Hangul symbols to describe an emotion or action, laughter. Instead of representing this action with a literal picture, Lee uses color and the symbol for laughter (in Hangul) to describe it. The shape of the piece is reminiscent of a smile. A half oval shape symbolizes the human emotion of smiling, but by using just symbols, lines and color, this emotion is de-contextualized completely. Lee describes the image as representing a sound, and by using different sizes of the symbol and lines; the artist has created depth with this piece, and has created an illusion of different kinds of laughter; whether it is loud and quiet, or a man and a woman. There is also a sense of illusion that everything is layered on this two-dimensional plane, which gives it a three-dimensional appeal to it. Also by creating a sense of positive and negative space, Lee has used mark making to create a beautifully juxtaposed image.
Laughter is a universal emotion, and Hyunju has created a piece that not only speaks to her own culture, but to cultures all over the world. The bold use of "happy" and bright colors and an aesthetically pleasing shape helps create a piece that embodies the design of this inventive artist.